Ecstasy and Memory Impairment Neurological Correlation

Rapture and Memory Impairment Neurological Correlation Presentation The three articles picked for examination center around the neurological connection among's euphoria and memory debilitation; one by Simon and Mattick (2001) evaluated the connection between joy use and memory weakness. The second one by Zakzanis Young (2001) harped on memory weakness in abstinent MDMA clients more than one year. In conclusion, an examination done by Bolla et al. (1998) concentrated on memory weakness in abstinent delight users.Advertising We will compose a custom exploration paper test on Ecstasy and Memory Impairment Neurological Correlation explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Biological brain science technique Simon and Mattick (2001) utilized a correlational investigation to decide if a relationship exists between delayed joy use and memory work. The specialists were likewise inspired by correlation of this memory work with that of customary cannabis clients. Hence, this examination technique spun around foundation of a relationshi p, meaning of what the relationship was and how solid it was. This was a cross sectional examination on the grounds that the specialists tested the populace and concentrated all the concerned estimated at a certain point. Despite the fact that the scientists were keen on investigating the impact of delayed utilization of MDMA, they didn't gauge level of medication use for a drawn out timeframe. The creators recorded the accounts of the members and gathered data about their normal lifetime sedate use and mental prosperity. They tried their memory work utilizing government sanctioned tests. Every one of these factors were gathered utilizing organized meetings. Bolla et al. (1998) used a test approach in their investigation. They concentrated on a benchmark group that didn't utilize MDMA (sedate naã ¯ve members) and one that utilized the medications. They estimated their memory scores and afterward thought about the outcomes. This permitted them to set up whether a circumstances and l ogical results relationship existed between joy tranquilize use and memory weakness. The creators did a review study. Zakzanis Young (2001) utilized a longitudinal methodology in their examination. Such a methodology is very reasonable on the grounds that it limits the impact of past contrast in memory working. This strategy permitted the creators to show the causal course of impacts. During a year time frame, members were examined twice for memory capacities and just MDMA clients were utilized. Qualities and shortcomings of the natural speculations The key quality with the examination directed by Simon and Mattick (2001) is that it recognizes the chance of cannabis as a jumbling element and in this way investigations it. Conceivable outcomes of the impact of different medications, for example, liquor were thought of, also. Moreover, the analysts attempted to limit the segment variety and way of life contrasts between the test and examination bunches by concentrating on individuals from a similar age group.Advertising Looking for research paper on wellbeing medication? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These scientists additionally contemplated the mental strength of the subjects so as to find out that the variable would not meddle with memory working. The key shortcoming in this examination is the way that it is a correlational report where the guineas pigs are exposed to a progression of other frustrating variables. Thus, one can't decide circumstances and logical results relationship except if all the potential factors that influence memory are controlled. To start with, this trial utilizes subjects with various memory abilities. No investigation of the subjects was done before their utilization of cannabis or joy so as to decide their past memory scores. This ought to have been contrasted and their present memory status (after delayed delight use) so as to decide if there was any change. Moreover, j ust normal delight measurements levels were considered for the whole gathering, yet singular utilization varieties do exist. A few people may take 30 tablets of happiness a month while others may just take two. Instruction assumes an indispensable job in one’s execution during memory tests. People with tertiary training are bound to recall certain things that those without it. This examination didn't recognize that distinction, and arbitrarily chose guineas pigs. In conclusion, the analysts didn't think about the impact of way of life in examples of utilization. Bliss is a medication that is related with the ‘rave’ culture while cannabis isn't. Individuals who take part in delayed moving and are restless may report generally low scores in memory tests, so this ought to have been thought of. The basic issue with Bolla et al. (1998) was that they permitted the control subjects to have explored different avenues regarding different medications. They asserted this wa s quite reasonable since individuals from the experimental group likewise utilized different medications. Rather than joining two confounders, the researchers ought to have attempted to wipe out the utilization of other recreational medications from the two subjects. In the event that this was outlandish, at that point they ought to have included earlier recreational medication use in the relapse examination. Another serious issue that was likewise noted in the past examination was inability to gauge basic memory work contrasts between the benchmark group (non MDMA clients) and the experimental group. No consolidation of way of life contrasts between the control and guineas pigs was likewise made. One of the indispensable qualities of this examination was that it incorporated the impact of medication measurements levels during the investigation. It likewise viewed as other segment factors, for example, age, sex and jargon use. Besides, the impact of MDMA measurement fixations on mem ory focuses additionally approved their claims.Advertising We will compose a custom exploration paper test on Ecstasy and Memory Impairment Neurological Correlation explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Zakzanis Young (2001) research was beneficial on the grounds that it was longitudinal, so it killed issues with contrasts between the guineas pigs. Furthermore, it utilized members inside a similar age gathering; that is, 17-31. Training level was additionally considered as totally needed to have at any rate 14 years worth of instruction. Since these elements were consolidated in the examination, at that point the chance of perplexing elements in memory scores was annihilated. Moreover, in light of the fact that the examination just centered around rapture clients, at that point there was no compelling reason to incorporate way of life contrasts between the guineas pigs. The significant test with this examination was that the example size was little; just 15 members were utilized in the investigation. What's more, no reference was made to mental components that could have influenced the guineas pigs before; this may have blocked their memory during the examination. Evaluation of the examination discoveries end Simon and Mattick (2001) found that there was no connection between's memory impedance and customary MDMA use. In any case, they found a relationship between lifetime cannabis use and memory impedance. They clarified that cannabis has a perplexing job in different tests that measure memory impedance and MDMA use. One may scrutinize these discoveries since modifications for way of life contrasts among cannabis and MDMA were not done. Inability to fuse other jumbling components, for example, training level, age and memory capacities before the investigation likewise place question on these discoveries. Bolla et al. (1998) found a solid connection between memory hindrance and medication use. Be that as it may, the difficulties in demonstrati ng a circumstances and logical results relationship in investigations of memory impedance were not defeated in this paper. No thought for review contrasts was done and no fuse of way of life varieties was remembered for the examination, so one may scrutinize these discoveries. Zakzanis Young (2001) found that proceeded with joy use prompted a decrease in postponed review. One may depend on this exploration since its plan was the least dangerous among the three. The creators killed errors that originate from way of life varieties, and prior memory contrasts between non MDMA clients and MDMA clients. Other than these, issues with test size can without much of a stretch be amended. Study plan The investigation plan viable will be a correlational longitudinal examination. It will be longitudinal in light of the fact that such investigations permit creators to consider impact designs over extensive stretches of time. They can legitimately make circumstances and logical results connection s inferable from these patterns.Advertising Searching for research paper on wellbeing medication? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More This examination configuration was acquired from the one done by Zakzanis Young (2001). It will utilize correlational examination in light of the fact that a gathering that will have the qualities under investigation will be contrasted and one that doesn't have these attributes, and an end will be made. The last correlational segment is like Simon and Mattick (2001). Speculation The theory of the examination is â€Å"The way of life of MDMA clients causes memory deficits†. Numerous investigators recognize that euphoria clients have a selective lifestyle that isn't found among other medication clients. These people regularly participate in delayed moving and visual incitement. Clients may need rest and may eat negligible amounts of food. These are on the whole factors that may influence how a person’s memory capacities. Barely any specialists have thought about this factor in their exploration, not to mention use it as the fundamental examination variable. Just an a mode st number have attempted to prohibit its jumbling impacts from their discoveries. Thus, the line of examination merits seeking after. The most effective method to structure an investigation to confirm the theory The examination will include 50 people. All members will be MDMA clients, however 25 of them will have a generally torpid life

Beverly Cleary Childrens Book Author of Ramona Quimby

Beverly Cleary Children's Book Author of Ramona Quimby Beverly Cleary, who turned 100 years of age on April 12, 2016, is the cherished writer of 30 childrens books, some distributed over 60 years back, all still in print, alongside two collections of memoirs. She was respected by the Library of Congress in 2000 as a Living Legend and has won various honors for her childrens books, including the John Newbery Medal and the National Book Award. Childrens books by Beverly Cleary have enchanted kids, especially 8 to 12-year-olds, for a few ages. Her diverting, yet practical, childrens books about the customary existences of kids, alongside such engaging characters as Ramona Quimby and Henry Huggins, have caught the enthusiasm of kids far and wide. Beverly Cleary has composed 30 or more books, including three about a feisty mouse. Her books have been converted into in excess of twelve dialects. Furthermore, Ramona and Beezus, a film dependent on Clearys Ramona Quimby and her more established sister, Beatrice Beezus Quimby, was discharged in 2010. Beverly Cleary and Her Award-Winning Childrens Books Beverly Bunn was conceived April 12, 1916, in McMinnville, Oregon and spent her initial a very long time in Yamhill where her mom began a little library. In this way started the writers long lasting affection for books. Her family moved to Portland when Beverly was six years of age; she was enchanted to locate an enormous open library. Beverly proceeded to consider library science at the University of Washington in Seattle and turned into a childrens bookkeeper. In 1940, she wedded Clarence Cleary. Beverly Clearys first book, Henry Huggins was distributed in 1950 and was motivated by a kid who grumbled to the administrator that there werent any books about children like him. It, and different books about Henry Huggins and his canine Ribsy stay well known today. Her latest book, Ramonas World, was distributed in 1999 and highlights one of her most adored characters, Ramona Quimby. The principal film dependent on Clearys Ramona Quimby, Ramona and Beezus, fixates on grade schooler Ramonas relationship with her more established sister, Beatrice. This relationship is a piece of the entirety of the Ramona books, however most especially in the book Beezus and Ramona. Beverly Cleary has won various honors, including the John Newbery Medal for Dear Mr. Henshaw.â Two of her books about Ramona Quimby, Ramona and Her Father and Ramona Quimby, Age 8 were assigned Newbery Honor Books. Cleary likewise got the Laura Ingalls Wilder Award out of appreciation for her commitments to childrens writing. In the event that that is insufficient, her books have additionally won around three dozen statewide childrens decision grants and she won the National Book Award for Ramona and Her Mother. The Klickitat Street Books of Beverly Cleary At the point when she was a kid, Cleary saw that there didnt appear to be any books about kids like the ones who lived in her neighborhood. When Beverly Cleary started composing childrens books, she made her own variant of Klickitat Street, a genuine road close to her youth neighborhood in Portland, Oregon. The kids who live on Klickitat Street depend on the youngsters she grew up with. Fourteen of Clearys books are determined to Klickitat Street, starting with her first book, Henry Huggins. While Henry was the focal point of the principal books, various Beverly Clearys books likewise featured Beatrice Beezus Quimby and Beezus younger sibling, Ramona. Actually, Ramona has been the title character in the last seven of the Klickitat Street books. The latest Ramona book, Ramonas World, turned out in 1999. HarperCollins distributed a soft cover form in 2001. With a fifteen-year break between Ramonas World and the last past Ramona book, you may be a little uneasy about an absence of continuity. But in ​Ramonas World, as in her different books including Ramona Quimby, Cleary is flawless as she addresses, in regularly clever style, the changes of the life of Ramona Quimby, presently a fourth grader. Beverly Clearys books have stayed well known in view of characters like Ramona. In the event that your youngsters havent read any of her books, nows an opportunity to acquaint them with Clearys books.â They may likewise appreciate the film rendition, Ramona and Beezus.

A Complicated Synthesis Question

A Complicated Synthesis Question For most of the semester, Ive  lived and breathed in the ever-growing and never-shrinking universe that is Organic Chemistry. Time and time again, I would spend hours locked away in a corner of the library staring at my laptop screen, scrolling through pages and pages of Janice Smith, constantly drawing and re-drawing mechanisms of all kind. Remember Afeefah, the arrow goes from the nucleophile to the electrophile. Enantiomers cant be overlaid. And hydroboration oxidation is Anti-Markovnikov. I really have been living in a universe of Organic Chemistry. To the point where Orgo and real-life appear to be well, not that different. The last question of an Orgo exam is always predictable: the infamous synthesis question. The task is eerily simple. Make the following molecule with the given starting materials. You have a whole toolbox of reactions to use. If youre able to pull out the pertinent reactions from your memory, congratulations, youve been blessed. Cant remember the reagents for the reaction you have in mind? Better luck next time. Eerily simple. Because you either get it or you dont. Recently, Im dealing with a new kind of synthesis problem. To label it the synthesis of life or even the synthesis of my future is unfavorable for a few reasons: 1) its as cringe as it is cheesy,  2) its terribly frightening and 3) it makes me sound like a try hard. But in the process of dropping a class (Jeremy thinks I should call it The Class That Shall Not Be Named), and somewhat restructuring my coursework for the semesters to follow, I cant help but look at the path ahead as one big, incredibly complicated synthesis question. A chain of reactions that build of one another in order to move towards the desired product. One big difference? Often times you don’t know what the starting materials are. You simply let life carry you from one reaction to the next, hoping for the best. Final Product So whats the final product for my super complicated synthesis question? Im not entirely sure. We might be looking at three weeks from now, when finals will be over and Ill be eating my grandmothers home cooked food in India. Or maybe were looking at three decades from now. But to keep it simple, were going to leave the final product more or less ambiguous. Just an Afeefah thats further along the timeline. Still a disappointing 52. Slightly older: Reaction ToolBox Now, our toolbox consists of just one reaction: decision-making. One decision creates a product that calls for yet another decision to be made. And that also seems a bit frightening. But again, we leave the decisions ambiguous. Maybe its simply whether I should go to bed at a decent time or squeeze in another episode of Gossip Girl. Or maybe its figuring out whether or not I should drop a class. Decisions, regardless of density and volume: Retro Synthesis Now, for the strategy. Theres only ever really one way to successfully solve a synthesis question, with the retro synthesis arrow. Rather than solving the synthesis question in the forward direction (essentially starting from the starting material and moving towards the final product), you go the other way. You start at the end, and trail your way back to the beginning. It makes the solution significantly less complicated to get to. Theres More Than One Answer Now putting it all together, you get something that looks like this: an interconnected web of decisions that lead to more decisions that ultimately lead to your final product. There is one big thing to notice here. With the arrows going in all directions, we can start at one decision (or another) and still somehow make it back to our final product. And that, my friend, is the beauty of the synthesis questions. THERE IS ALWAYS MORE THAN ONE ANSWER. More than one way to produce the final product. In the midst of making the biggest decision of the semester, I needed a reminder of that. Even though Im almost two years into life at the Institute (wait what Afeefah? its really been two years? same. same.), every day still brings with it an opportunity to learn a little bit more about myself. This semester, its been about exploring my upper boundaries. Exploring just how much I can add to my system before overheating. I quickly discovered that taking four classes, two seminars and UROPing 15 hours a week resulted in very v e r y l o n g d a y s. And while leaving my dorm at 8:30 every single morning and coming back to sleep at 2:00 am was doable for the first month or so, I eventually developed what I like to call brain blur. You cant expect your brain to constantly be working at optimal performance if its not getting enough sleep and not being fed enough glucose. I was making it through all of my classes, churning out all of my psets, but something was fundamentally wrong. I didnt have time to really sit down and enjoy a meal. I let go of my workout routine to make more time to study. I barely saw my friends anymore. Phone calls home became shorter and less frequent. Theres no point in being dishonest. I really truly believed that it would all be worth it. Youre saying no to going out to dinner with friends? Its ok Afeefah! You have a midterm coming up, you need to focus. And so I reasoned with myself over and over again, until eventually midterm grades started coming back and something just didnt seem to make sense. Why was I barely passing my classes when school is all I was focusing on? But the next round will be better, right? And so I kept going on, convinced that just a little bit more effort would change things around. This is when raw exhaustion replaced the brain blur. I was tired. Tired of making so-called sacrifices. Tired of running around all day. Tired of not seeing the results I wanted to see. But I was an optimist. I refused to believe that things looked as bad as they really were. I cried out my exhaustion, wiped away my tears and moved along. Things changed when my tutor suggested that I drop a class. I was very much aware that that was a possibility, just not a possibility for me. Naive Afeefah believed she would never have to fill out a drop form, because things would always go as expected. That is, until they dont. The more I let the idea marinate, the more it just seemed to make sense. I scheduled a time to meet with my TAs, met up with my advisor and made many phone calls home. Drop date was quickly coming up, and making a decision made me anxious. For many nights, I chose to simply go to bed or goof around with friends. Because I couldnt pull myself together to make a decision. Dropping The Class That Shall Not Be Named took a lot out of me. A part of me felt like I was giving up, accepting defeat. Another part of me was convinced that if I had started off the semester working harder, I wouldnt be having to make this decision in the first place. Another part of me was obsessed with the fact that dropping meant I had wasted all the time I put into the class in the first place. People told me a lot of things. About how I need to take care of myself before my academics. About how even if I drop the class, Ive learned so much. About how the class will be significantly easier the second time around. About how realistically speaking, a bad grade could interfere with my ability to get into grad school. About how I could totally recover from this and graduate on time. I listened to it all. But ultimately, it came down to listening to myself. Listening to my gut feeling. Listening to what I was willing to live with. And so I dropped The Class That Shall Not Be Named. Because I knew I could do so much better than I was doing. Not just academically, but holistically. I had simply taken on more than I could do. I wanted to be able to take things slightly slower again, to wake up excited about the day rather than stressed out about the millions of things on my to-do list. I wanted to feel whole again. And so I dropped The Class That Shall Not Be Named and moved on with my life. I plan to take the class again next semester. And I plan on CRUSHING it. Because, this semester hasnt been a waste at all. Aside from being exposed to all of the material, Ive learned a lot about who I am as a student. About how I cant put other things to the side to focus on my academics, because everything is interwoven and connected. I need to be able to sit down with a friend and catch up to be able to do a pset. I need to blow off some steam by weight training to take a test. I need to eat a full meal to be able to write an essay. Success isnt sacrificing a part of yourself to elevate another part. Its making sure that you can balance and recognize every single part of who you are. Its being able to really understand and listen to yourself. And in the midst of all of this, its nice to know that life moves forward in different directions. That theres more than one synthesis solution. That a set-back might not be a set-back at all, but just a different (possibly even more efficient) forward reaction. Since dropping The Class That Shall Not Be Named, Ive found a lot of time for myself again. Im getting eight hours of sleep. I have an hour to spare in the dining hall every night. Im able to step away from campus libraries and into city cafes to get work done. My grades have started an upwards climb. Things seem to be falling back into place again. And perhaps thats the true beauty of a synthesis question. If you start with the starting materials, its strenuous and difficult to get to the final product. But if you begin at the final product and take a look back, the chain of reactions are easily seen. In the moment of making a decision, the future looks really uncertain. But looking back at the decisions weve made and the people weve become because of it, it all just seems to make sense. Because, my friends, we dont make the right decisions. We make the decision right. So whether life takes me through the planned synthesis or not, well be ok. Because waiting, just around the corner will be an entirely new one:

Battle of Westport in the American Civil War

Drugs and Alcohol - 1682 Words

Table of Contents Background 1 Objectives 2 Proposed Actions 2 Anticipated Outcomes 3 Key roles and responsibilities 3 Timelines and resources required 3 Key risks 3 Evaluation Method 3 References 4 Background Drugs and alcohol is a major social issue (J. David Hawkins, Richard F. Catalano, and Janet Y. Miller, 1992). It is not something that can be solved by the law (Lee P. Brown, 2008). Throughout history, many attempts have been made to try and legalize and control alcohol and drug addiction but has failed. It requires education, international awareness and a lot of work to resolve. Whilst alcohol and certain drugs are not illegal, the potential dangers are well documented. It is in many regards, worse of a problem than other social problems such as smoking. Not only does it create health problems, but creates a habit from a young age that is hard to avoid (Kabir Ayub, 2011). This affects families, schools and the larger part of society. It creates a burden for law enforcers, violence, accidents and a lot of other side-effects. Drugs and alcohol have especially been a major issue in NSW full of pubs and night life. Major incidents of violence at many locations have been recorded. The number of police officers required to monitor and deal with incidents have greatly increased since 2011. New laws, curfews and extreme measures had to be put in place (NSW Government, 2014). This shows that inaction is a major cost to society and is a major burden on theShow MoreRelatedDrugs And Alcohol And Drugs1767 Words   |  8 PagesSome people know what alcohol and drugs do to our body and we understand, but the problem is â€Å"How come people do these kind of stuff in the first place?† or what makes them choose these choices. Well the thing is, People suffer from anxiety, bipolar disorder, depression or other mental illnesses use drugs and alcohol to ease their sufferings. But the thing that we don t get is why do such a bad thing if you know that it s destroying your organs and your insides. Drugs or alcohol ca n sometimes makeRead MoreDrug Alcohol And Alcohol Abuse Essay980 Words   |  4 PagesDrug and Alcohol Abuse Drug and alcohol abuse is something that is happening more and more often it seems. There are many reason for this happening. First of all, people experiment with drugs and alcohol mainly out of curiosity. Maybe their friends are doing it, they just want to have a good time, or they could be hoping to improve athletic performance. It is common thing at parties and social gatherings for people to feel the need to drink or try drugs. Another reason start to use and abuse drugsRead MoreThe Drug Of Drug And Alcohol Abuse Essay1531 Words   |  7 PagesThe movie Trainspotting is an entertaining look into the dark world of drug and alcohol abuse. Heroin is the drug of choice for the protagonist, but other substances are also consumed throughout the film: heroin, prescription medication, opium, hash, amphetamines, and alcohol are a constant presence in the story. Repeated polysubstance abuse combined with a negative social environment and a weak support structure compounds the problems of Renton, a heroin addicted young adult man living in ScotlandRead MoreAlcohol And Drug Addiction : Drugs1498 Words   |  6 Pages Alcohol and Drug Addiction Xinge Xu University of Toronto Throughout the vast history of mankind, alcohol has always been a popular and controversial topic. Unlike other illegal drugs with strict rules, alcohol seems to be a more universal and socially acceptable drink. In fact, it is the most widely used drug substance in the world. However, with the gradually increasing amount of problems associated with alcohol, people should weigh and examine the medicinalRead MoreDrug Alcohol And Drug Abuse1773 Words   |  8 Pagesnet - guide - Avoiding Alcohol And Drug Abuse In College College is a time of great personal growth and education, but it is also a time to have a lot of fun. Unfortunately, people often take this fun too far by delving into excessive drug and alcohol abuse. This impacts millions of college students every year in multiple ways, including creating a lifelong addiction, causing educational problems, and even personal injury. However, it is possible to avoid alcohol and drug abuse in college. It takesRead MoreDrug Use Of Drugs And Alcohol2261 Words   |  10 Pagescurrent ongoing problem in the United States is the continuous use of drugs and alcohol. There isn’t a day that goes by where we don’t see in the paper or on the internet that someone overdosed on drugs and passed away. Currently the United States is narrowing in on the legalization of one drug in particular, which is marijuana. Just over 130 years ago there were no laws against drug use, until the 20th century when the fight against drug use began. Harry Anslinger is man who began the probation of marijuanaRead MoreAlcohol and Drug Abuse1722 Words   |  7 PagesAlcohol and Drug Addiction Samara Kitchens COM/156 Instructor: Sunday, May 19, 2013 There was a missing person report across the news today, my co-worker stated. I never paid any attention to it; I went on about my day as if everything was fine. When I arrived at home I had severalRead More Drugs and Alcohol Essay1599 Words   |  7 PagesDrugs are heavily used throughout the entire world. However, it is important to understand and not undermine the variability in which drugs are used. It is clear some are for distinct medical treatment and others are for recreational use. In the United States, marijuana has been and continues to be a very controversial drug. Some states have allowed marijuana consumption for medicinal purposes, while others have completely outlawed the drug. Those who are against the legalization and regulationRead MoreAddiction : Drugs And Alcohol1001 Words   |  5 Pagesassociated with drugs and alcohol. Addiction is not only related to drugs or alcohol, but it is also tied with things and activities. Addiction to drugs or alcohol are quite similar yet slightly different to addictions to activities and other things. Addiction to drugs and alcohol over time leads to a buildup of tolerance causing the user to need more of what they are addicted to in order to experience the same or more of an effect than they once needed to attain the same effect. They take drugs to avoidRead More Drugs and Alcohol Essay1107 Words   |  5 Pages Drugs and Alcohol For nearly 85 years, the government has prohibited pscychoactive drugs. American leaders attempted to do the same to alcohol with Prohibition in the 1920?s. In any society, drug use plays a part in the people?s culture. Whether it be a native taking hallucinogens for a religious ceremony, a destitute alcoholic drinking on a city street, or a group of teenagers smoking marijuana, drugs and alcohol have the same effects in any culture. The question of ?why do people use drugs? has

Bullying Free Essays

[pic][pic]ADVERTISEMENT [pic][pic][pic]Share [pic][pic][pic][pic] Justin Bieber biography †¢ profile †¢ photos †¢ news [pic][pic][pic] [pic]1 photo [pic] †¢ [pic] See more photos Quick Facts †¢ NAME: Justin Drew Bieber †¢ OCCUPATION: Singer †¢ BIRTH DATE: March 01, 1994 (Age: 19) †¢ PLACE OF BIRTH: London, Ontario, Canada †¢ AKA: Justin Bieber †¢ ZODIAC SIGN: Pisces more about Justin Best Known For Justin Bieber is a Canadian pop star who was discovered via YouTube. His debut album, My World, went platinum in the United States, Canada and the United KiJustin Bieber Justin Bieber APA Style Justin Bieber. (2013). We will write a custom essay sample on Bullying or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Biography Channel website. Retrieved 09:37, Mar 21, 2013, from http://www. biography. com/people/justin-bieber-522504. Harvard Style Justin Bieber. [Internet]. 2013. The Biography Channel website. Available from: http://www. biography. com/people/justin-bieber-522504 [Accessed 21 Mar 2013]. MLA Style â€Å"Justin Bieber. † 2013. The Biography Channel website. Mar 21 2013, 09:37 http://www. biography. com/people/justin-bieber-522504. MHRA Style â€Å"Justin Bieber,† The Biography Channel website, 2013, http://www. biography. om/people/justin-bieber-522504 [accessed Mar 21, 2013]. Chicago Style â€Å"Justin Bieber,† The Biography Channel website, http://www. biography. com/people/justin-bieber-522504 (accessed Mar 21, 2013). CBE/CSE Style Justin Bieber [Internet]. The Biography Channel website; 2013 [cited 2013 Mar 21] Available from: http://www. biography. com/people/justin-bieber-522504. Bluebook Style Justin Bieber, http://www. biography. com/people/justin- bieber-522504 (last visited Mar 21, 2013). AMA Style Justin Bieber. The Biography Channel website. 2013. Available at: http://www. iography. com/people/justin-bieber-522504. Accessed Mar 21, 2013. Synopsis BORN IN 1994 IN LONDON, ONTARIO, CANADA, TO A SINGLE MOTHER, JUSTIN BIEBER TOOK SECOND PLACE IN A LOCAL TALENT COMPETITION AT A YOUNG AGE AND LATER TURNED INTO A YOUTUBE PHENOMENON. HE SIGNED A RECORD CONTRACT WITH USHER AND BECAME THE FIRST SOLO ARTIST TO HAVE FOUR SINGLES ENTER THE TOP 40 BEFORE THE RELEASE OF A DEBUT ALBUM. HIS RECORD â€Å"MY WORLD† HAS GONE PLATINUM IN SEVERAL COUNTRIES. HE LIVES AND WORKS IN ATLANTA. Contents †¢ Synopsis †¢ Childhood †¢ Career Highlights †¢ Personal Life Childhood BORN ON MARCH 1, 1994, IN LONDON, ONTARIO, CANADA, JUSTIN BIEBER WAS RAISED BY A SINGLE MOM IN THE SMALL TOWN OF STRATFORD. BIEBER, WHOSE DEBUT ALBUM, MY WORLD, HIT STORES IN NOVEMBER 2009, IS A TRUE OVERNIGHT SUCCESS, HAVING GONE FROM AN UNKNOWN, UNTRAINED SINGER WHOSE MOTHER POSTED YOUTUBE CLIPS OF HER BOY PERFORMING, TO A BUDDING SUPERSTAR WITH A BIG-TIME RECORD DEAL, ALL IN JUST TWO YEARS. Bieber always had an interest in music. His mother gave him a drum kit for his second birthday and, as he tells it, he was â€Å"basically banging on everything I could get my hands on. But it was an obscure talent contest in his hometown, in which the 12-year-old Bieber finished second that put him on the road to superstardom. As a way to share his singing with family, Justin and his mom began posting clips of Bieber performing covers of Stevie Wonder, Michael Jackson, and Ne-Yo on YouTube. Within months, Justin was an Internet sensation, with a large following of fans, and an eager manager a rranging for the teenager to fly to Atlanta to consider a record deal. There, Bieber had a chance meeting with Usher, who eventually signed the young singer to a contract. Career Highlights BIEBER’S FIRST SINGLE, â€Å"ONE TIME,† WENT CERTIFIED PLATINUM IN HIS NATIVE CANADA SHORTLY AFTER ITS RELEASE IN MAY 2009. HIS ALBUM MY WORLD MATCHED THAT SUCCESS, SELLING MORE THAN 137,000 COPIES WITHIN A WEEK OF HITTING STORES. BIEBER BROKE INTO THE BILLBOARD TOP 10 IN EARLY 2010 WITH â€Å"BABY,† WHICH ALSO FEATURED LUDCRIS. BIEBER SOON RELEASED MY WORLD 2. 0 (2010), WHICH OFFERED HIS GROWING FAN BASE TEN NEW SONGS. In 2011, Bieber took to the big screen in the concert documentary Never Say Never. His fans crowded movie theaters to catch him in action on stage and get a glimpse of his life behind the scenes. The movie, which eventually earned more than $73 million at the box office, also had guest appearances by Kanye West, Miley Cyrus and Bieber’s musical mentor Usher. That same year, Bieber released an album featuring his own take on such holiday classics as â€Å"All I Want For Christmas Is,† his duet with Mariah Carey. Bieber had his biggest hit single to date in April 2012 with â€Å"Boyfriend. † The song appears on his latest album Believe released in June. Personal Life TEEN IDOL JUSTIN BIEBER BROKE THE HEARTS OF MANY OF HIS YOUNG FEMALE FANS IN 2010 WHEN HE STARTED DATING TELEVISION ACTRESS AND SINGER SELENA GOMEZ. IT HASN’T BEEN EASY FOR GOMEZ TO BE BIEBER’S GIRLFRIEND. SHE HAS BEEN ACCOSTED BY SOME OF HIS DEVOTED FOLLOWERS There were even death threats against her posted on Twitter after the pair was photographed kissing while on vacation in 2011. While still only in his teens, Bieber has survived his first public scandal. A woman filed suit against Bieber in 2011, claiming that he was the father of her child. But a DNA test proved that the young pop star was not the father and the woman dropped her lawsuit. Bieber sang about the scandal in the song â€Å"Maria. â€Å" How to cite Bullying, Papers Bullying Free Essays We’ve all experienced bullying at some point in our lives. But bullying is more than just a part of growing up. It is a form of aggressiveness or violent behavior shown to children who are quiet, shy or unsociable. We will write a custom essay sample on Bullying or any similar topic only for you Order Now Bullying can often be started with rumors and can result in very serious and unimaginable consequences such as suicide. Since bullying is such a prevalent problem in todays world, a solution is necessary to stop this atrocious act from being committed. Bullying occurs when kids aren’t tolerant of each other, therefore they will start picking on one another. There are different types of bullying. The most common form is cyber bullying. This one and verbal bullying are one of the most hurtful types someone could ever experience. I’ve experienced both, at the age of twelve. I was new to the school, just like twenty other students; but for some reasons, they had decided to pick on me. It was a typical Tuesday, when I entered the classroom, everyone was surrounding one of my classmates laptop. Like any other curious student would, I went to see what was going on. On this boy’s screen was a picture of me he had gotten from Facebook, with the head of a horse replacing mine. Everyone was laughing. My response to this was violence, which actually motivated them even more since I was responding to their provocation. If bullying goes on for a long while, there can be negative effects. 86 percent of students said that bullying causes students or teens to turn violent. I can totally relate to this statistic. At first, I tried ignoring name calling and hurtful comments about my looks. But as it grew bigger, I had become aggressive as a way of dealing with frustration. Researchers from Finland discovered that victims suffer from anxiety disorders, such as depression, panic disorder, etc. Sometimes the disorders can also cause difficulties with the victims’ family and friends. I had become very distant and arrogant with my family, especially with my mother. I would release all the tension I had gotten from school onto her. I also felt lonely and sad. My self-esteem had decreased and so did my social life. In some cases, the bullying may be so severe and may go on for so long that the victim may actually commit suicide, which is called bullycide when related to bullying. There are many strategies you can use to stop bullies and to help others. As a victim, you need to stand up for yourself. The best way to deal with bullies and bullying is to ask other people for help. Victims may go to friends, teachers, parents, or other adults for help. After my mother found out about what was happening she talked to the bullies’ parents and everything had ceased the next day. Another important part of dealing with a bully is remaining calm and not letting the bully get a reaction out of you. Bullies want to feel a sense of power over their victims. However, bullies only have this sense of power if you give it to them. Don’t! Make sure that you stay calm. Bullying is a universal problem faced by kids of every age. It happens in schools, neighborhoods, and homes every single day. It can end into very serious circumstances and can ruin someone’s life. Bullying is not worth suffering for so don’t wait for it to get worse, don’t be scared to ask for help or help others. How to cite Bullying, Papers

The Effects of Coping-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignmenthelp

Questions: 1.What is coping? What is proactive coping? How is it measured? 2.What is personality? What is the Five Factor Model of personality? How is it measured? 3.How is personality related to coping, and proactive coping in particular? 4.Why is it important to understand how personality relates to coping? 5.What sorts of stressors are university students exposed to? 6.What are the practical applications for university students in understanding how personality relates to coping, and how it relates to proactive coping in particular. Answers: Introduction The purpose of this paper is to discover the effects of coping and specifically proactive coping that is very useful for the reduction of stress of the people in difficult circumstances. It is useful to say that proactive coping is one special category of coping. This helps to develop some future-oriented strategy that stops the negative thinking of the people and convert them into positive things i.e. their strengths. The potential stressors would not be able to affect the individual at an amount that it would have done if proactive coping had not been used. Every human being has their own set of personalities. These personalities often influence the individuals to use the proactive coping. The use of Five Factor Model is very important in this context because it helps to understand the context better. In this paper, the Five Factor Model has to be described in order to focus on the relation of personality and proactive coping among the university students. It is to be mentioned tha t Five factor Model is a very important theory in determining the personality traits of the different individuals. There are five factors in this model which can be described as openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness and neuroticism. 1.Coping, Proactive Coping and its Measurement In order to begin the essay, the idea of coping must be clarified so that the topic can be understood better by the readers. In the modern days, the people experience various things that make them tired in mind they suffer from anxiety and mental tensions very often. This causes stress in their minds and they apply various means to resolve them. These stress situations can occur because of several issues. The way that people apply to reduce and manage the stress situations is called coping. There are many types of coping that exist to manage the different types of stress situations (Bernstein et al., 2013). Every people are different from each other in some way or the other. So, the method of coping is obviously different from each other as well. There are many strategies for coping and different coping strategies work differently for those people (Folkman, 2013). These coping strategies depend on the personalities and individual skills of those individuals. The working power of these coping strategies is thoroughly different as well. It is because there are some coping strategies which do not work like th e others because they are not meant for the long-run efficiency but these strategies are designed to work for a shorter period only. The coping strategies help the people two stay calm in difficult conditions and benefit the human beings in different ways (Bernstein et al., 2013). Proactive coping is one type of coping that is an affirmative process in fixing the strategies for coping (Carver Connor-Smith, 2010). In this process, the potential stressors can be comprehended beforehand and they have to be either prevented by the individual or their influence has to be silenced. Many social-cognitive issues are associated with it because it deals with the several factors like the organizational behavior, discrimination among people (Robbins Judge, 2012). It also includes management of serious things and many others (Skinner Pitzer, 2012). Many other aspects are associated with this. The process of proactive coping involves many factors like the goal setting for some project, deriving to powerful and active beliefs (Bernstein et al., 2013). This helps to gain the self-improvement of the individuals and the social support as well. Proactive coping has to be measured by different procedures. The way of measuring the proactive coping is done by a scale that is called the Proactive Coping Inventory (PCI) (Bogdan, Rioux Negovan, 2012). This inventory had been developed to assess the different proactive approaches to coping and there are seven subscales of it. These are proactive coping, preventive coping, reflective coping, strategic planning, instrumental support seeking, emotional support seeking and avoidance coping (Carver Connor-Smith, 2010). This inventory has to be applied either by the interviewer or self-administered individual in 15-20 minutes. This scale has been translated into 12 languages and they are German, Dutch, Spanish, Polish, Turkish, Italian, Japanese, Portugese, Hebrew, Russian, Czech and Arabic (Carver Connor-Smith, 2010). The scoring is done through the following process in the Proactive Coping inventory. In this process, 1 means not at all true, 2 means barely true, 3 means somewhat true and 4 means completely true. The responses to the questions have to be summed up by the interviewer in seven subscales. The range of scores is:- Subscale Range of scores Proactive coping 14-56 Reflective coping 11-44 Preventive coping 10-40 Avoidance coping 3-12 Instrumental support seeking 8-32 Emotional support seeking 5-20 Strategic planning 4-16 2.Personality, Five Factor Model and its measurement Personality is a psychological term that means the set of characteristics a person possesses and the characteristics which are so very unique in them because they vary from individual to individual (Carver Connor-Smith, 2010). These personality elements are influenced by environments, cognitions, motivations, behaviors and their emotions as a whole. The topic of personality has a broad understanding keeping in mind the various things like the perceptions, values and attitudes of the individual human beings. There are many historical traditions to study personality. This can be divided in two major ways which are the Nomothetic and the Ideographic personality (Hambrick McCord, 2010). There are many theories that can be associated with personality. These theories are a) Type theories, b) Psychoanalytic theories, c) Behaviorist theories, d) Social cognitive theories, e) Humanistic theories, f) Bio-psychological theories and g) Evolutionary theory (Drummond Brough, 2016). Many psychologists, over the years have thought that all the personality traits can be assimilated into five factors and these factors can be called as the Five Factor Model of Personality (Chmielewski, Morgan, 2013). These five factors are openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness and neuroticism. Openness to experience In this trait many factors like emotion, art, unusual and creative ideas, variety of experiences come. It signifies the extent to which a person can be imaginative and how can he welcome creativity (Drummond Brough, 2016). Conscientiousness This trait signifies the extent of self-discipline, dutifulness, competence and thoughtfulness. According to this trait, an individual will focus on his or her behavior. People who are high conscientious in behavior prefer to be planned and hardworking and organized (Drummond Brough, 2016). Extraversion The qualities in the persons with high extraversion are high energy, positive mindset, talkativeness, socially active and assertiveness (Kandler, 2012). The people with lower extraversion are characterized by quietness, solitariness and avoiding of large reunions. Agreeableness This is a positive psychological trait that shows that the individual has compassion and co-operation with others rather than suspicion and negative attitude (Cobb-Clark Schurer, 2012). It can be measured from this trait whether the person is trusting and helpful and if he is not short-tempered. People who are low scorers in agreeableness are deemed as rude. Neuroticism Persons who score high on neuroticism are considered to be very angry, anxious, depressed and vulnerable (Ormel et al., 2013). This also focuses on the stability of emotions of the individual. The people scoring high in this are emotionally instable as well. 3.Relation of personality and coping, specially proactive coping Coping, specifically proactive coping has a strong relation with the personality traits and the Five Factor Model of the personality traits are deeply involved with it (Straud, McNaughton-Cassill Fuhrman, 2015). In this case, it can be said that neuroticism reflects a negative thought process in the human beings so neuroticism is correlated with neuroticism in a big way. It can also be pointed out that the people who are high in conscientiousness are much harder in working, objective-oriented and they are very organized in their lifestyles (Carver Connor-Smith, 2010). Thus, one can assume that conscientiousness is very much affirmatively correlated with proactive coping. The other personality traits like the extraversion and agreeableness can also be attributed to the positive aspects of proactive coping. If a thorough research work is done about the relationship between the personality and coping, one would see that personality is very important factor in understanding of the copi ng abilities of the human beings, especially proactive coping abilities. The correlations between these two factors are very strong and they are very deeply related (Moring, Fuhrman Zauszniewski, 2011). It can be considered from the different personality aspects of a person that when he scores high in personality traits like conscientiousness, extraversion and agreeableness with low scores in neuroticism, he is a person with high level coping abilities. Therefore, it is better to say that when a person is conscientious (success-oriented), extraverted (cheerful), ready to change (agreeable) and not depressed (neurotic), is going to be successful in the works he undertakes and he should be able to avoid the potential stressors and not succumb to them (Straud, McNaughton-Cassill Fuhrman, 2015). 4.Importance of relationship between personality and coping It is very important to know that personality and coping are deeply interrelated to each other. This relationship is very significant is determining the various behavioral aspects of the human beings. There are many types of coping which exists to understand the topic better. These types of coping are also deeply related with each other. The different personality traits like conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism and extraversion judges the coping abilities of the human beings. It is because every person faces difficult times and they are all influenced by the potential stressors (Drummond Brough, 2016). These stressors make them upset and they are negatively motivated. Since, this is not acceptable and they should learn to tackle these situations, coping abilities should be developed to find the solutions to the problems. Difficult times come when people expect it at the least. The coping abilities which are positive in nature motivate the human beings to fight against those odds (Moring, Fuhrman Zauszniewski, 2011). When a person is success-oriented and goal driven, he should have the abilities to be stand up against the failures. Thus, extraversion and agreeableness also provides positive coping abilities and neuroticism is a negative aspect in the personality traits. These things make the human beings learn about how to cope up with the difficult situations (Straud, McNaughton-Cassill Fuhrman, 2015). 5.The sort of stressors among university students There are some common stressors which are typically seen among the students. These stressors are very common and affect their mental health because they come under huge stress so they lag behind in their studies and their normal lives. They may face the stress because of some events in their personal lives that they cannot share with anyone. This may be a cause of stress in their lives. They may also have to tackle relationship problems in their personal lives. Some students do not possess IQ level as others so they do not have the same academic intelligence and they suffer from mental anguish because of this reason (Jauk et al., 2013). This creates a sort of stress in their minds. Some students who are not intelligent enough may face harassments in their universities and classes. These harassments create a long-lasting negative impression in their minds that leads them to stressful situations. It is a notable that money has now become a serious fact in education and there is no way out from that. The expense for higher education courses is huge and some students cannot afford this kind of amount. The situation may be that a student wanted to pursue his higher students in Microbiology and then go on to research in that subject for his PhD degree. The tragedy came that he could not do so because of the shortage of money. Only because of this reason that student may have to study a different subject which he may not like that much. His grades would fall down and he can feel stressed because of this reason as well. The National Sleep Foundation has declared that it is essential for everyone to have a proper time of sleep during the day. If the students do not get proper time to sleep because of extra pressure in their studies it will be problematic for them to adjust with the changes and they will feel stress very normally. Students who have poor eating habits also suffer from stresses (Regehr, Glancy Pitts, 2013). 6.Relationship between personality and coping, specially proactive coping among university students The studies in the field of coping and personality shows that stressful events occur earlier than the coping process when students of the universities go through certain difficult stressful situations (Sagone De Caroli, 2014). These stresses would make the university students weaker mentally and this would affect their performance in studies. The coping procedure comes after the stressful events when the university students have to buck themselves up by tackling against those stressful conditions. As it has been discussed earlier, proactive coping is considered to be the most important element in personality and one of the most crucial protective resources as well. Proactive coping prevents the students from getting too stressed and depressed as it promotes the psychological wellness among the students (Drummond Brough, 2016). The positive elements of proactive coping like conscientiousness, openness to experience; extraversion and neuroticism would be provoked in them so that they can be able to confront with the mental stress and thus overcoming them (Check et al., 2014). Proactive coping is more important than the traditional coping because it helps to motivate the students to perform better in their academic life and provides them courage to progress with whatever he has (Sagone De Caroli, 2014). The challenges make them strong while they learn to cope up with the difficult present and prepare for their future. Conclusion This paper can be concluded in the way that all the aspects of coping and personality have been highlighted and properly discussed during the essay. It has been found that stressful situations really affect the students life and their academic life will be hampered if they suffer from stress. All the major characteristics of coping and proactive coping have been discussed so that these characteristics would help the students in their quest to overcome the stressful situations and hence, get motivated. This motivation due to proactive coping would make them successful in the future. All the positive aspects of the proactive coping have to be maintained by the university students and at a larger aspect, by all the human beings. References Bernstein, D. A., Pooley, J. A., Cohen, L., Goldthorpe, B., Provost, S., Cranney, J., ... Roy, E. J. (2013). Psychology: an international discipline in context: Australian and New Zealand Edition. Bogdan, C., Rioux, L., Negovan, V. (2012). Place attachment, proactive coping and well-being in university environment.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,33, 865-869. Carver, C. S., Connor-Smith, J. (2010). Personality and coping.Annual review of psychology,61, 679-704. Cheng, C., Lau, H. P. B., Chan, M. P. S. (2014). Coping flexibility and psychological adjustment to stressful life changes: A meta-analytic review. Chmielewski, M. S., Morgan, T. A. (2013). Five-Factor Model of Personality. InEncyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine(pp. 803-804). Springer New York. Cobb-Clark, D. A., Schurer, S. (2012). The stability of big-five personality traits.Economics Letters,115(1), 11-15. Drummond, S., Brough, P. (2016). Proactive coping and preventive coping: Evidence for two distinct constructs?.Personality and Individual Differences,92, 123-127. Folkman, S. (2013).Stress: appraisal and coping(pp. 1913-1915). Springer New York. Hambrick, E. P., McCord, D. M. (2010). Proactive coping and its relation to the five-factor model of personality.Individual Differences Research,8(2), 67-77. Jauk, E., Benedek, M., Dunst, B., Neubauer, A. C. (2013). The relationship between intelligence and creativity: New support for the threshold hypothesis by means of empirical breakpoint detection.Intelligence,41(4), 212-221. Kandler, C. (2012). Nature and nurture in personality development: The case of neuroticism and extraversion.Current Directions in Psychological Science,21(5), 290-296. Moring, J., Fuhrman, R., Zauszniewski, J. A. (2011). Interrelatedness of proactive coping, reactive coping, and learned resourcefulness.Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development,44(4), 204-214. Ormel, J., Jeronimus, B. F., Kotov, R., Riese, H., Bos, E. H., Hankin, B., ... Oldehinkel, A. J. (2013). Neuroticism and common mental disorders: Meaning and utility of a complex relationship.Clinical psychology review,33(5), 686-697. Regehr, C., Glancy, D., Pitts, A. (2013). Interventions to reduce stress in university students: A review and meta-analysis.Journal of affective disorders,148(1), 1-11. Robbins, S. P., Judge, T. (2012).Essentials of organizational behavior. Essex: Pearson. Sagone, E., De Caroli, M. E. (2014). A correlational study on dispositional resilience, psychological well-being, and coping strategies in university students.American Journal of Educational Research,2(7), 463-471. Skinner, E. A., Pitzer, J. R. (2012). Developmental dynamics of student engagement, coping, and everyday resilience. InHandbook of research on student engagement(pp. 21-44). Springer US. Straud, C., McNaughton-Cassill, M., Fuhrman, R. (2015). The role of the Five Factor Model of personality with proactive coping and preventative coping among college students.Personality and Individual Differen

New York And Chicago During The 1920s Essays -

New York and Chicago During the 1920's The 1920's was a huge decade for the phenomena known as Jazz. Due to the closing of the seaport in New Orleans, musicians were forced to travel up the Mississippi to find work. Two of the cities most affected by this move were Chicago and New York. Chicago was home primarily for New Orleans traditional music during the 1920's. From this New Orleans style came four major types of jazz: Boogie-Woogie, Chicago Jazz, Urban Blues, and Society Dance Bands. Because of the ever-growing popularity of nightclubs during Prohibition, these styles of jazz thrived so musicians were guaranteed jobs. The popularity of the phonograph also provided a huge boost to the music industry during the 1920's. Boogie-Woogie was a style of improvised piano music played during the '20's in Chicago. It got its start in the mining areas of the Midwest. The rolling, repetitious style was the beginning of the Midwestern shuffle style. The second type of jazz popular during this time was Chicago Jazz. It was played mostly by white musicians. Chicago Jazz tended to be very aggressive and usually ended abruptly. Since Chicago had more nightclubs than New York, it held a bigger attraction for musicians. It was only after the stock market crash in 1929 that New York replaced Chicago as a jazz capital. This style of jazz was tighter and more rehearsed than others. The next kind of jazz to emerge during the 1920's was Urban Blues. This was played primarily in an area known as the bucket of blood. This referred to an area along the South Side of Chicago. The clubs there were known to hire the who's who of blues musicians. The last major style of jazz to emerge from Chicago during the '20's was Society Dance Bands. These bands were usually big with plush arrangements. They were located downtown and were slower paced and had no improvisation. They were designed mainly for dancing. They had a more sophisticated sound that was copied by other bands because it was so successful. Following is a list of some of the major mover and shakers to come out of Chicago during the 1920's. Joe Oliver (1885-1938) The King played the cornet and was one of the most important pure jazz musicians. He is mostly known for his time spent with his Creole Jazz Band. Recognition should be given to the fact that Louis Armstrong got much of his fame when he played with Oliver's band as a hot jazz specialist. Louis Armstrong (1901-1971) Armstrong is known as the father of the jazz trumpet. He was responsible for making the trumpet popular in jazz. He is also considered to be the first serious soloist in jazz. It is thought that Armstrong's time in a reformatory gave him the social tools necessary to survive and also gave him his rough ragtime trumpet sound. Meade Lux Lewis (1905-1964) Lewis was one of the leading boogie-woogie pianists. He was the third member of one of the biggest jazz boogie-woogie trios in history. He worked as a cab driver during the day and played gigs at night. Pete Johnson (1904-1967) Also a boogie-woogie piano master, Johnson unfortunately had trouble handling the business side of music. He therefore had to often take day jobs to sustain himself. Benny Goodman (1909-1986) Known as the King of Swing, Goodman played the clarinet. His band was originally thought of as a dance band. But with the help of Fletcher Henderson, along with others, Goodman's band took on the characteristics of a true jazz orchestra. Paul Whiteman (1890-1967) Whiteman is credited for introducing more people to jazz during the 1920's than any other person. He originally played violin, but ended up being a bandleader full time. His huge success allowed him to be one of the very few bandleaders to continue working after the stock market crash. Leon Bix Beiderbecke (1903-1931) Leon is considered to be the only white trumpet player to have ever come close to capturing Louis Armstrong's amazing popularity. His style of playing was more European than most trumpeters of that time. Unfortunately, he was often unable to play due to his addiction to alcohol. New York was the other city greatly affected by the close of Storyville. During the 1920's New York was known for two main

Personal Responsibility

Personal Responsibility Personal Responsibility and College SuccessCorinne BunceGen/200October 20, 2014Dale McCurdyPersonal Responsibility and College Dropouts PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 1 PAGE 5Personal Responsibility and College SuccessCorinne BunceGen/200October 20, 2014Dale McCurdyPersonal Responsibility and College DropoutsAccording to The National Center for Higher Education Management Systems, 45.5 % of students in colleges in the U.S. don't finish a bachelor' degree in under 6 years (2014). It may be easy to speculate why they don't; however, in this essay I plan to present the idea that lack of personal responsibility is the main factor that leads to college dropouts, and having personal responsibility leads to success in college as well as careers. Some people are generally nervous to take blame for shortcomings or weaknesses for fear of being criticized. When you take personal responsibility for your actions you leave room for growth and success. Personal responsibility is the key to college success.Personal responsibility is the key to college success.Personal responsibility to me is being able to hold yourself accountable to things that are within your power.US Navy 090610-N-8848T-551 Navy Junior ROTC cadets...For instance, if you do not meet a deadline do to poor planning and receive a unsatisfactory grade, someone that takes personal responsibility would learn from their mistake and plan ahead next time. College success takes motivation, organization, and a willingness to grow from mistakes. Researchers for the Association of American Colleges and Universities did a survey of 23 campuses, including over 23,000 undergraduate students and over 9,000 campus professionals on personal responsibility. They used the "Personal and Social Responsibility Institutional Inventory" (PSRII) in Fall 2007 to assess the campus environment along five dimensions of personal and social responsibility: (1) Striving for excellence; (2) Cultivating personal and academic integrity; (3) Contributing to a larger community; (4) Taking seriously the perspectives of others; and (5) Developing competence in ethical and...

The Restructuring of Royal Dutch Shell Research Paper

The Restructuring of Royal Dutch Shell - Research Paper Example This paper seeks to discuss and analyze these developments, as well as an attempt to recommend further actions that Shell management could take. Royal Dutch Shell PLC is a multinational joint venture corporation comprising two founding companies, Royal Dutch Petroleum Co. of The Hague, Netherlands., and Shell Transport and Trading Co., PLC, of London. Although starting as rivals, the two companies merged in 1907 as Royal Dutch/Shell Group, which acquired producing concerns in the Middle East, the Americas, and Eastern Europe, including Romania and Russia. It is engaged mainly in oil and natural gas. At present its five business segments are as follows: 1) exploration and production (E&P), an upstream activity that explores, recovers, and produces oil and natural gas worldwide; 2) gas and power, where it liquefies and transports natural gas to customers, as well as turns natural gas into cleaner-burning synthetic fuels; 3) oil sands, where bitumen is extracted and converted into synthetic crude oils; 4) oil products where a range of petroleum-based products are sold for domestic, transportation and industrial use; and 5) chem icals, which produces petrochemicals for industrial use. (Company report). Renewables were recently added to its range of business activities. Complexity. The organizational structure of Royal Dutch Shell prior to 1995 was unique in its complexity: It was a joint venture that had been in existence for over a century, at the apex of which was a Committee of Managing Directors that provided a link between them. From the viewpoint of ownership and control, the CMD exercised what it referred to as governance responsibilities. The Group was managed on a day-to-day basis by officers who had been given executive responsibilities. Coordination and control were vested in the CMD, composed of 3 members from Royal Dutch Petroleum and 2 members from the  Shell Transport and Trading. The chairmanship was rotated between the two counterparts.

Applying Theories to Children's Literature Essay

Applying Theories to Children's Literature - Essay Example It is at this stage how seriously their questions are taken, how well they are answered and how deep impact these answers lay on the young minds; together set the institution of thoughts, perception, outlook and information. A well inculcated thought carries a deep meaning all through the child's life. It is essential for the care takers of the tender age children not to bring negative influence on children's mind rather motivate them and fill them with enthusiasm towards life, towards world and towards every living organism (Theories of Child Development and Learning). History reveals that the child development was never given much attention and there was no necessity to answer their questions but with growing awareness the outlook changed and now various theories have been postulated to understand the psychology of the child to mould them well, to explain them in the best possible manner either by means of animations, games, books or designing props to convey the moral values throu gh stories (Theories of Child Development and Learning). It is imperative to understand the child development for cognitive, emotional, social and physical development, beginning from the birth and continues up to the adolescence. Considering the child development carries a deep impact on the adulthood theories proposed encompass Psychoanalytic Child Development Theories- Sigmund Freud- According to Freud, events that occur in childhood and also the good or bad experiences leaves a deep impact on the development of an individual. This theory is mostly devised for the mentally challenged children (Cherry). Erik Erikson- According to this theory the conflicts encountered at each stage of life influences the entire functioning of the individual. If a child fails to establish an identity then it results in the role confusion at later stages of life. It is therefore imperative to have an identity at an early stage of life. Parents and care providers should make the child understand about the self identity (Cherry). Cognitive Child Development Theories- It is established by Piaget that children have a different thinking as they are unaware about the consequences and happenings going around. They have different outlook as compared to the adults who have experience of life and therefore their thoughts are different. Children are inquisitive about the world around them and hence they try to explore with their own sense and wisdom. A little guidance could bring wonders, it is therefore imperative to preach them with a sound sense of understanding to generate moral values and also devise a character to follow (Cherry). Behavioral Child Development Theories- According to this theory it is essential to understand that the environment do plays an imperative role in shaping the personality of the child. It deals with the observation (Cherry). Social Child Development Theories- The social interaction plays a crucial role in the development of child. It is essential that a chi ld interacts with everyone in the society, these interaction develop a sense of co-operation with others in the society. If the child does not get proper exposure, the chances of developing fear towards others, a sense of insecurity towards every creature develops. A child may not develop a trust and empathy and it becomes difficult to tackle and deal with any situation to which a child come across, the similar tendency lingers till the

Problems Facing Enterprise Rent-A-Car

Problems Facing Enterprise Rent-A-Car ERAC overview and requirement Company background: Enterprise Rent-a-car or Enterprise Car Club is a car renting company that establish throughout 19 cities of UK. The companys primary customers are people that cant afford a car but need to travel or current dont need one or families that sometimes require a second car (Enterprise Rent-a-car, 2016). The company has a fleet of more than 960 vehicles in UK only which parking at designated bay across the cities. The main benefit which customers receive is that they dont have to worry about the cost of ownership of a car. All they have to pay for is a subscription fee when joining the club and small fee per ride. Requirement: The company is wishing to expand their operation to a new city of Vietnam; that being said, there are some requirements which must be satisfied. First is about customers, the company require all drivers to have a validated driving license of 1 year or more. Individual customers that travel less than 4000 km a year is best benefited from the service. Because the renting procedures are done through smartphones app, so people with familiarity with smart devices are preferred. Second is about citys prospects, ERAC is a company that let people rent and drive cars to travel around so the city of their inhabiting must be a large city with infrastructure supporting car transportation because Vietnamese have not get used to car transportation, they are familiar with motorbike more than cars. Also, there must be spaces for parking bays of the fleet of vehicles and they must be accessed with ease. City pick and marketing plan: City pick: In Vietnam, according to the General Statistics Office, there are only 2 cities that have more than 7 million people which are Ha Noi (7.2 million) and Ho Chi Minh City (8.14 million) and are classified as special grade urban area with developing economics. Only these two cities can satisfied the large cities demand of ERAC, the rests are not enough. But only one city pick up is allowed, so more details are needed. The two cities are both qualified as special grade cities designated by the government but the economics and other factors are different. This part of the essay will attempt to differentiate the two cities and will deliver the choice of city according to elements that are most suitable for car renting industry which ERAC is operating in. To begin with, the growth speed in 2016 using GRDP of Ho Chi Minh city is 476.988 billion VND and Ha Noi is 140.005 billion VND according the GSO. That is, Ho Chi Minh Citys economics is growing much faster than the capital in 2016 which leads to a higher living standard of the population in Ho Chi Minh City. Next is about urban infrastructure which support inner city transportation, in Ho Chi Minh City, according to an official report, the officials has focused the investment into infrastructure development; particularly, 3.849,1 billion VND of ODA has been allocated for building, upgrading citys roads, bridges and transportation system. Ha Noi, however, does not share the same view as Ho Chi Minh City. The officials of Ha Noi deployed the national investment mainly for citys parks, entertainment centers and public accommodations. Again, Ho Chi Minh City is being developed better in term of infrastructure. Another matter relating to car consumption rate of each city, this means that the number of cars being registered and put into use in terms of day. Amazingly, Ho Chi Minh City in 2016, average daily newly registered 4 wheels vehicle is 250 per day according to Ho Chi Minh Citys Traffic Safety Committee. Ha Noi, similarly, has 230 four wheels vehicles being registered every day which show that the consumption rate of both of the cities is very high. About the number of tourists in and out of the city, both cities witnessed a good year in tourism industry. In 2016, Ho Chi Minh City welcomed more than 5.2 million foreign travelers to the city. Unlike Ha Noi, there was only 2.04 million foreign travelers visited the city in 2016. The reason why this paper favors foreign travelers is because international tourists have a higher chance of renting a car instead of a bike because they are already familiar to cars. Last but not least, competitors that can pose a threat to ERAC in both of the city are not many. In both cities, some big and nation-wide companies like Phi Loan Transportation, Kims Self-driving car for hire, Thanh Buoi transportation, Uber or Grab can be major competitors but their business model is not like what ERAC is using and they cannot be ERACs competitive rivalry. But the threats from substitution like motor bike, bus, taxi can be serious and there is a new type of public transportation in Ha Noi, the BRT bus, which is a rapid moving bus that operates in a priority lane. This makes Ha Noi an unsafe place for expansion of ERAC business. So, with all the advantages that Ho Chi Minh City can provide, Enterprise Rent-a-car should choose this city to be the next destination for expansion. Marketing plan: Advertising methods: Digital tactics PPC Pay Per Click advertisement  £3.000 Search engines such as Google or Yahoo Search play a vital role in modern internet surfing activity. Whatever we need to find on the Internet can almost be found by using search engine, that including finding a car renting company. Because the expansion is in Ho Chi Minh City only so the local residents search must be prioritized. Social media and social campaigns  £10.000 As suggested by ERAC, social media such as Facebook, Twitter is a good way to deliver the companys messages to young, modern customers. A funny, eye-catching, meaningful piece of advertisement can go viral on the internet through social media because people will keep sharing it to their friends. The only thing the company needs to ensure is that the piece of advertisement must be interesting. PR promotions  £5.000 To an existing customer, nothing better than a special offer, a discount or an exclusive service. That will fortify their belief in the firm that the company also care about the current customers as much as finding new customers. Even they will introduce the companys services to their friends or relatives just because of the special offer for current users. Youtube videos  £5.000 Videos on Youtube can have a very large cover area and just like social media, people tend to share what they like with the other. Especially with a video that hit the right target customers, they will remember the message delivered in that video and the company will have a better chance to persuade potential customers to become real users. The company also needs to consider about a short ads at the start of other video on Youtube. Total budget needed:  £23.000 Physical tactics Posters and billboards  £10.000 Posters are usually the avatar, the profile picture of the enterprise. They deliver a brief message of the companys core values and products/services. A good poster will act like the representative of the company because it contains much important information about the company that potential customers need to know. Moreover, when people keep seeing that poster over and over again for some time, it will be easier for the company to introduce about itself when the customers come to use the services. Bay signs  £1.000 Obviously, people need to know where they can get their ride and where the bay is. This is essential since it act like a guideline for customers and show that the company is presented throughout the city. Sometime these sign can share the same function with the poster. Vehicle livery  £2.000 Vehicle livery is an obvious and important means of advertisement because when customers driving the branded vehicles on the street, that car will work as a moving logo of the company. Of course, in the bay there must be some cars that arent branded for customers choices but it will cost more when they want a car like that. Total budget needed:  £13.000 Grand total:  £36.000 Big idea: According to a columnist of Marketing Land Peter Minnium, an effective big idea in advertising needs 3 elements: Piercing insights: Owning a car is a pleasant feeling of civic life and is one of the biggest purchases for most people. However, this is not an easy decision for some people since the cost of keeping a car isnt low. But the need of a car in modern civilization is undeniable; particularly for civic pride. Brand connection: Enterprise Rent-a-car club is the exact answer to please your demand of a car. With a small subscription fee and a small fee per ride, all you have to do is just take out your phone and click the button in our app to have a ride parking in bays across the city. All costs are on us but the ride is yours. Succinct expression: ERAC. The car in your very own pocket. With the remaining  £14.000, we can communicate this big idea through means of advertisement on television. Creating of a short movie, using real people who are experiencing the services, this will be a solid proof of the quality that ERAC can bring about. Conclusion: Although this kind of business model of ERAC is quite new to Vietnam, it will be a new experience for the people and maybe the company can use that to their advantage. There is a long way to make the business a success but with the big idea, people will understand and profit will come. References Minnium, P. 2015. Marketing Land. [Online]. [7 January 2017]. Available from: http://marketingland.com/whats-big-idea-3-fundamentals-successful-digital-creative-153747 Vccorpvn. 2016. Dantricomvn. [Online]. [5 January 2017]. Available from: http://dantri.com.vn/o-to-xe-may/tieu-thu-xe-o-to-tai-viet-nam-dat-muc-ky-luc-20160527143626186.htm Thanhnien news. 2017. Thanhnienvn. [Online]. [5 January 2017]. Available from: http://thanhnien.vn/doi-song/kho-nhu-ket-xe-o-tphcm-748106.html Xuan, V. 2016. Infonetvn. [Online]. [6 January 2017]. Available from: http://infonet.vn/moi-ngay-ha-noi-co-them-gan-1000-o-to-xe-may-moi-ra-duong-post188099.info Ha noi gso. 2016. Thongkehanoi. [Online]. [4 January 2017]. Available from: http://thongkehanoi.gov.vn/uploads/files/source/Năm 2016/Thang 6 nam 2016.pdf Titc. 2016. Tà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ng cà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ ¥c Du là ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¹ch Vià ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¡t Nam. [Online]. [7 January 2017]. Available from: http://vietnamtourism.gov.vn/index.php/items/22261 Vov. 2016. VOV Ä Ãƒâ‚¬I TIà ¡Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¾NG NÓI VIà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬  T NAM. [Online]. [6 January 2017]. Available from: http://vov.vn/du-lich/hon-11-trieu-luot-du-khach-den-ha-noi-trong-6-thang-dau-nam-528442.vov Hochiminhcity gso. 2016. ThongKeHochiminhcity. [Online]. [7 January 2017]. Available from: http://www.hochiminhcity.gov.vn/thongtinthanhpho/Lists/ThongTinKinhTeXaHoi/Attachments/429/BCTH_T6-FINAL-2016.pdf

Master Student Strategies Multiple Choice Questions Essay

Which of the following is not a strategy of a master student? C a. Setting short term goals b. Setting long term goals c. Assessing your positive traits d. Avoiding an open? minded approach to problem solving 2. Completing self? discovery exercises assists students in C a. Assessing employment locations b. Assessing computer programs c. Assessing themselves as students/employees d. Assessing travel itineraries 3. Characteristics of a master student include B a. an unwillingness to change b. a willingness to take responsibility for actions in one’s life c. extreme focus on one’s grades d. positive attitude 4. The three sensory modes of learning discussed in class include: B a. Vivid, action, knowing b. Visual, auditory, kinesthetic c. Vital, anxious, kinesthetic d. Verbal, auditory, kinesthetic 5. When exhibiting master student strategies, one might demonstrate all of the following except: C a. Avoiding â€Å"thinking outside of the box† b. Self direction c. Optim ism d. Goal setting 6. The term â€Å"metacognition† is defined as: C a. Learning about objects b. Learning about science c. Learning about learning d. Acting without thinking 7. There are four questions connected to the modes of learning. They include all of the following except: D a. Why? b. What c. How? d. When? 8. Strong self motivation encourages all of the following except: B a. Changing one’s mind b. Ignoring goals c. Comparing benefits d. Requesting help 9. When attempting to bring about change in one’s behavior one should not consider: D a. Affirmations b. Requesting help from friends c. Starting with minor changes d. Setting unrealistic goals 10. Strategies for time management include all of the following except: D a. Monitoring work related tasks b. Setting a stopping time c. Maintaining a clear desk or work area d. Procrastination True/False Questions 11. Mnemonic Devices may not assist one in recalling information Flase 12. There is only one approach to becoming a critical thinker False 13. Successful students should try to connect their learning style to their education and their future career choices. True 14. Spending time with someone who demonstrates the types of success strategies that you are trying to implement is probably not a good idea. False 15. Feeling uncomfortable in a learning situation is not a normal part of the learning cycle. False 16. Motivation may result from clarifying one’s goals and acting upon them. True 17. Learning styles may be connected to study strategies that can be used to help a student succeed in a course. True 18. Visual learning means one is focusing on the kinesthetic section of the learning styles 19. A benefit of keeping a journal during the semester is that it may allow one to write about the connections between courses being studied. True 20. In an effort to become a master student, one should try to make predictions based on the strategies one has learned and check to see if his/her life experiences coincide with those predictions. True 21. Time is considered to be a renewable resource. False 22. Becoming aware of one’s particular style of procrastination may not assist in changing one’s behavior. True 23. Graphic signals are used to enhance a student’s class notes Flase Short Answers: 24. Please describe four characteristics of a master student. Provide specific examples of how these characteristics may be demonstrated. Set goals, achieving the goals in the time frame. Be able to manage time effectively. 25. Decision making skills are important for master students. Please explain how one may improve his/her skill at making decisions in life. By setting goals for their self.

Traffic jam Essay

Men have stepped on the moon. Now they are going from one place to another within few hours. World fastest car is able to sprint 252mph, but the citizens of Dhaka (sometimes) cannot reach few miles to Gulistan from Mohakhali or any other place to our destination place within hours. You must go out from your house before two or three hours to reach destination which is only 20 or 30 minutes required. Who is responsible for this? Traffic jam is that magician. Traffic jam has become a great monster in our modern life. Traffic congestion is not only affecting our business but the education sector as well. Students cannot do other tasks such as photocopying or collecting notes before attending class in the morning because a lot of time gets wasted on traffic congestions. It wastes lot of working hours of students as well as teachers. In many occasions, students and teachers fail to attend classes in due time. And it is more painful when students fail to reach exam halls and fails just due to a social problem. Now just think everyday how much national time is wasting, how much economical activities are losing, for the traffic congestion problem. This assignment is focusing current situation of traffic congestion problem in Dhaka city. What is Traffic jam? A traffic jam is a long line of vehicles that cannot move forward because there is too much traffic, or because the road is blocked by something. Over the last few years the traffic congestion problem of Dhaka City has visibly been deteriorating steadily. Limited resources, invested for the development of transport facilities, such as infrastructure and vehicles, coupled with the rapid rise in transport demand, existence of old transport and also huge number of non-motorized vehicles on roads, lack of application of adequate and proper traffic management schemes are producing severe transport problems in almost all the traffic route in Dhaka. Citizens constantly complain about the intolerable problems of traffic jam. Background Bangladesh is a populous country & Dhaka, as the capital of Bangladesh, has to accommodate a large share of this population. There are 18 Special Planning Zones (SPZ) in the Dhaka Metropolitan Area, where population has already crossed 11 million. Every year population is increase at the rate of  7 percent in Dhaka. Dhaka Metropolitan Area is expected to become one of the largest cities within the early next century. Everyday lots of people move to Dhaka for the purpose of earning money. Day by day the number is increasing and most part of Dhaka is badly affected by the population growth. Traffic jam has turned daily trips into nightmares to the people of Dhaka. The business community inevitably suffers for the constant waste of its most precious resource of time. Other commuters of being stuck in traffic jam for hours an end, while residents breathe in a lot more lead and almost 10 percent of its population seeks medical treatment each year for air pollution (Faulty vehicles, old vehicles, especially diesel run vehicles, and dust from roads contribute to air pollution) related respiratory illness. The number of automobiles has been increasing in Dhaka city at the rate of at least 10 percent annually, which has been contributing to air pollution on the one hand and traffic congestion on the other. At rush hour, a distance of three to four kilometers can take about an hour to reach. Destinations like Gulisthan, Motijheel, Old Dhaka, Maghbazar, Malibagh, Gulshan, and Dhanmondi are nightmares for commuters from any point in the city. Especially frustrating are the points Hotel Sonargaon crossing, the road in front of the Prime Minister’s office, Maghbazar, Mouchak, Malibagh, Khilghaon, Rampura, Elephant Road, Science Laboratory, Green Road, Jatrabari, Sayedabad, Mohakhali and old parts of the city mainly at Dholaikhal, Postagola, Bangshal, and Chowkbazar. People miss important appointments; are late for work, children and old people fall sick, not to mention the painful site that most of us choose to ignore – a blaring ambulance stuck in the middle of a traffic jam t rying desperately to find a way. The heat released from the engines, especially the private cars that use air conditioners, increase the overall temperature of the city. Continued exposure to pollution from the streets during traffic jams, will have grave consequences in the future health of these people. The economy, meanwhile, is losing out in millions because of traffic jams. Government officials’ estimate a loss of around tk15000 crore annually because of traffic jams. Transport System of Dhaka The transportation system of Dhaka is predominantly road based where non-motorized transport mainly rickshaw has a substantial share. Dhaka  Metropolitan has heterogeneous traffic flows. Rickshaws are the dominating mode of public transport. Trips made by public transport especially buses are very low. A substantial part of total traffic is non-motorized vehicles which enhance serve congestion especially in road intersections. The contribution of Bangladesh Railways (BR) to urban public transport is very small. We listen about big plans of elevated express ways, underground metro rails etc., but in reality it is hard to believe that these plans can ever be materialized by this poor nation having massive corruption in all sectors, from judiciary to education. The 20 year Strategic Transport Plan (STP) includes 17400 square km of water and surface ways in Dhaka and neighboring Narayanganj, Narshingdi, Munshiganj, Gazipur and Manikganj districts. Metro train services, elevated motorwa ys, Bus Rapid Transit (BRT), construction of roads connecting the east of the capital to the west, flyovers, footbridges, new roads, and repair of damaged thoroughfares are the main features of the plan. Under the plan, the government will construct and reconstruct 330 km of roads and highways including 50 new roads, flyovers, elevated expressways, metro (underground railway), circular waterways, bus rapid transit, rapid mass transit, bus-route rationalization, traffic system development and safe environment. The Major factor behind traffic Jam There are many reasons behind traffic jam in Bangladesh. Among them some major factors are as follows: 1. Around 60 percent of the city roads are encroached by hawkers, and dumping of construction materials. 30 types of motorized and non-motorized vehicles are plying on the same street, causing haphazard traffic jams. 2. Undisciplined traffic signal in the road and also faulty traffic signaling systems. Traffic police have to maintain the signaling system. Sometimes they maintain the signal manually, which may create more congestion problem. 3. Unplanned growth of Dhaka, Dhaka centric development of the country, the lack of east-west connecting roads, unplanned construction inside the city, and increased number of private transports has the contributory factors to traffic congestion. 4. Indiscipline attitude among the road user, driver don’t comply with traffic rules. 5. No knowledge about traffic rules which encourage people to violating the rules. 6. Outside the mall and right beside the road,  occupation of tea-stalls and shops make difficult for pedestrians to use the pathway. 7. Enforcement of rules by dishonest persons (traffic police) who are busy in collection of illegal money from traffic rules violators. 8. Dhaka City has very inadequate road networks. For a standard city, where the minimum road requirement is 25% to 30%, Dhaka has only 7.5% road of its total area. 9. Illegal parking is another reason for traffic jam. Cars, trucks and other vehicles are parked almost everywhere. 10. Some traffic police officers are busy for extracting money for the illegal parking and violation of signal by stopping the vehicle in the middle of the road. 11. Inadequate manpower and narrow road spaces and overtaking tendency of drivers create pro-longed traffic congestions and intensify sufferings of commuters keeping people motionless as well as creating suffocating condition in the streets 12. There are bus terminals not authorized by the traffic department and the bus drivers do not go by traffic rules. Also buses stop randomly to pick up and drop passengers. 13. Each day around 80 trains enter and exit the city, which causes six hours halt of traffic in total through each level crossing. Such types of level crossing create intolerable congestion at Magbazar, Mohakhali, Staff road, Karwan Bazar and other places. 14. VIP protocol maintaining is another reason for frequent traffic jams in the streets 15. Divider problem in the city’s different important roads also causes congestion. 16. On the same road the uncoordinated road digging by Dhaka City Corporation (DCC), Dhaka Electric Supply Authority (DESA), Water and Sewerage Authority (WASA), Bangladesh Telegraph and Telephone Board (BTTB), Titas Gas and other utility service providers without any integration together make reasons for further road congestion. 17. In any roundabout in Dhaka the plying CNG, rickshaw, bus, etc form multiple lines. They do this to grab a tiny space out of sheer desperation. 18. Most of time, we see that during jam traffic police just let one side go for like 5 minutes or more which increase the jam more. They should manage it more professionally. 19. With mass transport not allowed through BUET and DU it creates excessive pressure on the adjoining roads. 20. Illegal occupation of roads by small traders and vendors is one of the causes of traffic jam in the town. No one is aware about it. Bus drivers are mostly responsible for traffic jam. They even don’t care about the traffic rules and signals, which may create the congestion. 21. Now a days the  number of buses increases day by day. And the local buses are run very faster. They don’t maintain the rules of the street. They just drive and occurring heavy traffic jam. 22. The numbers of old transportation are still in Dhaka city. Those are illegal. They don’t have their fitness. But they are still running in the Dhaka city. 23. More than seven hundred thousand rickshaws ply the city road, but only seventy five thousand have legal number. This huge number of rickshaws is creating traffic congestion. From time to time attempts are made to reduce the number, but the initiative usually produces no results. 24. Most foot-over bridges and underpasses remain unutilized by the pedestrians reasoning dark and dodgy atmosphere inside as billboards block view from outside. Unhygienic passageways, steep stairs and pathway encroached by hawkers make it difficult to move on the bridge and that’s why they don’t want to use the foot-over bridge. 25. Many compressed natural gas (CNG) refueling stations and petrol pumps are located near to the intersections that disturb or block the streets when large queues of vehicles break into the road. Although there is rule to set up refueling stations having vacant spaces to accommodate thirty vehicles to wait inside the compound, it has been overlooked. 26. A lot of the plush shopping malls in the city have resulting illegal road occupation by vehicles. Between Panthapath and Sonargaon intersection the traffic jam at anytime of the day is horrible because of the city’s biggest shopping mall constructed in the area. 27. Some people don’t want to use the parking space, too many people are habituated and love to park them on the street so that can resulting traffic congestion. 28. The fines for traffic violations are too meager to raise fear to the violators. The following remedial measures can be adopted for eliminating the traffic congestion problem in Dhaka city. Here three types of remedial is discussed – Short term suggestions 1. All offices should start at 7.30 AM and all education institutes should start at 8 AM, Banking should start at 9 AM and all can be end within just 2.30 PM, 4.30 PM & 4 PM. 2. Water transport should be established like other developed countries surrounding Dhaka city. By that WASA don’t need to block the street. 3. Population control must be implementing as very strictly like china, if we cannot control over the population then we cannot  give the place to our next generation. From now, from today we should not take more than one child. 4. Pedestrian facilities should be increase. Cycle path should be provide 5. Political interface must be avoid 6. There should be a whole â€Å"park† to educate on traffic system for the residents and children especially since one of the main reasons for road accidents and drivers not following rules is because of the abundance of fake licenses 7. Through lane system different sort of vehicle will run in different lane. If any driver breaks the rule he has to face some legal consequences like jail and financial penalty. 8. The government has divided Dhaka into seven zones with shops and businesses in each to observe a different weekly holiday, which may resolve some pressure of traffic. 9. People are habituated and thus love using the shortest way by crossing over the street. Now, that it poses risk for the vehicles and create unnecessary traffic block let apart risking the pedestrians’ lives, are not their concern. Create awareness to the people to use the foot over bridge, and zebra crossing to passing the road. Also make the passageway clear and hygienic to motivate people to use the foot-over bridge and underpasses. 10. Rickshaw and other non-motorized vehicle strictly banned from the street. 11. The rules for CNG refueling station have to be strictly maintained. Those are overlooked the rule are not able to do business. Midterm suggestion 1. CNG conversion for all types of personal cars (Private cars, light motor vehicles etc.) will need to be forbidden. This is to reduce traffic congestion on the streets of Dhaka city. In Bangladesh the price of CNG is comparatively cheap as a consequence many private vehicles were in the streets. In the year 2009 the number of registered vehicles was 5lac and 27,000 among these 2lac are private vehicles. 2. To reduce air pollution and traffic congestion in Dhaka city, the use of private motor vehicles must be abridged. 3. The number of rickshaw pullers is vast. Almost there are no roads or street or lane for them. So, DMP need to make an extra lane for keep the road free from traffic jam. 4. Installing of CCTV sets to monitor traffic movement. 5. Free the footpaths from illegal occupation of hawkers and bus counters. 6. Private vehicles with less than four or five passengers would not be allowed to ply the city streets. 7. From now the capital city of Dhaka should be blocked or fixed for limited persons as who can maintain living status of education, rules-regulations, civic sense, morality, regular tax payer and good service contributor etc. 8. The highway bus, truck enter and travel the city between 11pm to 6am. Other than it is banned to travel in city highway. 9. BRTC have to create lots of bus stoppage in the street but in a planned way, basically those place where so crowded. Without those stoppage any bus are not allow to stop. And also stoppage should be outside from the street, otherwise buses occupying road spaces which may block the traffic flow. 10. Traffic management system has to be stronger enough. Every driver should have to follow the traffic system. DMP have to create some steps by those citizens and drivers are able to make some knowledge about the traffic system. If the people are well known about the signal system than it will stop them to violating the traffic system. 11. In front of every shopping mall an extra road need to construct as a stoppage. Long term suggestion 1. Government can shift all wholesale markets, government administrative offices, Dhaka central jail, all industries, tanneries, to outside of Dhaka city. Industrializations should be based on upozilla; it should not depend on metropolitan cities. Then rural areas will grow up step by step. 2. Every school has to own the transport for the student – especially at the primary level. There are around 400 private & government schools in the capital. BRTC has already launched bus service for school going students to ease off traffic jam in the capital. 3. All import-export connected offices should go to near port areas of Chittagong or Mongla, or in on the way to any port where they can send the goods easily for shipment. There is no need that those offices are to be Dhaka based. 4. DHAKA city’s public transport service may have improved somewhat over the past year with the introduction of new Bangladesh Road Transport Corporation (BRTC) buses on major routes but it is not yet to be good enough to be of ‘capital quality’. 5. All main roads should be one way. All type car parking must band in all roads. 6. Stopping of buses in middle of roads should be band except bus stops. All  type stands of buses trucks, taxies, CNGs etc should band in the roads. 7. Flyovers are constructed at important intersections to reduce traffic congestion. Expressways should be introduced for passengers to cover long distances over busy routes, like from Gabtoli to Motijheel, Gulistan to Airport directly without any stoppage. 8. The city’s lone dependency on surface transportation system should be diversified to monorail, metro rail, and elevated expressways. Like other developed countries in the world we also have to build the underway monorail, which minimize the traffic congestion. 9. There are lots of vehicles are travel in Dhaka but the parking place is very few. So, to minimize the traffic congestion government have to Increase Street parking facilities. 10. In Dhaka there are lots of school, college, and university, some of which were construct in front of main street, some of which were residential area and also some were in commercial area. Those have to build in some specific area, not to build in the residential or commercial area or in front of the street. Conclusion While very little can be done to change the larger picture now, there are a number of smaller factors which aggravate the traffic situation in the city. Mega city Dhaka would get better result through traffic management, physical restriction on car use, parking control, bus priority and provision for cyclists and pedestrians. While relocating some of these establishments may not be feasible any longer, especially since the university campuses have become an integral part of city life, which the authorities in these institutions could allow a better flow of traffic during extreme traffic scenarios and the government should develop alternate roads and flyover along these places to smoothen the flow of traffic. Road building is a supply side measure taken on the basis of time saving but added that over the last decade, there has been a change of emphasis because of the notion that supply generates its own demand. The BRTA have to stop registration of small cars for a certain time and increase gas price have been shelved on the ground of socio-economic and political impact. Most of the cases, if any decision taken has gone against a certain quarter was either withdrawn or halted in the middle of implementation. The BRTA is yet to be strict on issuing new driving license and those of drivers driving with illegal vehicles. It has not done any improvement in its training module for both  new and semi skilled old drivers keeping mind of the time. But the drivers are the forces responsible for killing more than 3000 people every year and deteriorating the traffic jam situation occupying the maximum road capacity. The minister admitted the government’s failure in controlling the traffic situation in Dhaka. My point is failure or success comes after taking an action. But the government did not take any action at all to solve the problem.